Abstracts |
The aim of the study was to recognize features characterizing development of
macrofungi communities occurring in afforestations planted in crop fields and to evaluate the
role of these habitats in conservation of macrofungi and preserve high species richness. The
study was carried out in 1998-2006 and covered four shelterbelts (planted in 1993-1996) located
in the area of the Dezydery Chlapowski Landscape Park (western part of Poland). The shelterbelts
were colonized by macrofungi just after planting. During first years of their growth a total of
174 species were recorded. Species composition changed significantly between initial (1998-2000)
and final (2004-2006) period of study. Similarity of macrofungi communities (expressed as the
Sorensen's index) between these two periods in studied shelterbelts ranged between 37 and 46%. In
spite of high similarity in tree species composition between studied afforestations (69-80%), the
communities of macrofungi differed strongly between these sampling plots (Sorensen's index was
equal to about 40%). Pattern of changes in percentage share of functional groups, i.e. Parasitic,
mycorrhizal and saprotrophs (humicolous, lignicolous, litter-inhibiting and muscicolous ones) in
individual afforestations was different but the diversity of the communities measured with the
Shannon-Weaver H' index on the basis of share of functional groups tended to increase with ageing
of afforestations. On average, the share of fungi growing on soil (ectomycorrhizal and humicolous
saprotrophic species) was highest among all distinguished groups. Species composition of
particular functional group was changing during the study period. A species representing new
groups (lignicolous saprotrophs and parasites) were appearing in some shelterbelts in successive
years. There were recorded some species rare in Poland, eg. Psilocybe (Stropharia) melanosperma
(Bull. Ex Pers.: Fr.) Noordel., Clavariadelphus fistulosus (Holmsk.: Fr.) Corner, Thelephora
caryophyllea (Schaeff.): Fr., Agrocybe arvalis (Fr.) Singer, Galerina clavata (Velen.) Kuhner,
Lachnella alboviolascens (Alb. & Schwein.: Fr.) Fr., Macrocystidia cucumis f. Minor Joss, Mycena
amicta (Fr.) Quel., Psilocybe (Stropharia) inuncta (Fr.: Fr.) Noordel., Trichophaea gregaria
(Rehm) Boud. And Typhula filata (Pers.) Herter. Occurrence of rare and threatened species in
young shelterbelts; indicates that such afforestations, planted in crop fields but not treated by
agricultural practices, contribute to the protection of species richness of macrofungi associated
with tree communities and they are important substitute habitats for many species.
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