Record ID No. |
2021 |
Author(s) |
Tscharntke T., Bommarco R., Clough Y., Crist T.O., Kleijn D., Rand T.A., Tylianakis J.M., vanNouhuys S., Vidal S , 2007 |
Affiliation |
Univ Gottingen, Waldweg 26, D-37073 Gottingen, GERMANY |
Title |
Conservation biological control and enemy diversity on a landscape scale |
Source. Vol.(no):Page |
Biological Control.43(3):294-309p. |
Categories |
Mycorrhiza General |
Subjects |
Biochemistry |
Sub-subjects |
Miscellaneous |
Organism |
n.a. |
Country |
GERMANY, Europe |
Abstracts |
Conservation biological control in agroecosystems requires a landscape management
perspective, because most arthropod species experience their habitat at spatial scales beyond the
plot level, and there is spillover of natural enemies across the crop noncrop interface. The
species pool in the surrounding landscape and the distance of crop from natural habitat are
important for the conservation of enemy diversity and, in particular, the conservation of
poorly-dispersing and specialized enemies. Hence, structurally complex landscapes with hi,gh
habitat connectivity may enhance the probability of pest regulation. In contrast, generalist and
highly vagile enemies may even A p rofit from the high primary productivity of crops at a
landscape scale and their abundance may partly compensate for losses in enemy diversity.
Conservation biological control also needs a multitrophic perspective. For example,
entomopathogenic fungi, plant pathogens and endophytes as well as below- and above-ground
microorganisms are known to influence pest-enemy interactions in ways that vary across
spatiotemporal scales. Enemy distribution in agricultural landscapes is determined by beta
diversity among patches. The diversity needed for conservation biological control may occur where
patch heterogeneity at larger spatial scales is high. However, enemy communities in managed
systems are more similar across space and time than those in natural systems, emphasizing the
importance of natural habitat for a spillover of diverse enemies. According to the insurance
hypothesis, species richness can buffer against spatiotemporal disturbances, thereby insuring
functioning in changing environments. Seemingly redundant enemy species may become important
under global change. Complex landscapes characterized by highly connected crop-noncrop mosaics
may be best for long-term conservation biological control and sustainable crop production, but
experimental evidence for detailed recommendations to design the composition and configuration of
agricultural landscapes that maintain a diversity of generalist and specialist natural enemies is
still needed. (c) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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