Record ID No. |
4805 |
Author(s) |
Ajit Varma, Agnes Fekete, Abhishek Srivastava, Anil K Saxena, Moritz Frommberger, Dan Li, Silvia Gschwendter, Irena Sherameti, Ralf Oelmueller, Philippe Schmitt-Kopplin, Swati Tripathi, Anton Hartmann , 2013 |
Affiliation |
Amity Institute of Microbial Technology, Amity University, Block E-3, Sector 125, Noida, UP, India, Email: ajitvarma@amity.edu |
Title |
Inhibitory Interactions of Rhizobacteria with the Symbiotic Fungus Piriformospora indica |
Source. Vol.(no):Page |
Piriformospora indica Soil Biology 33: 201-219p. |
Categories |
Mycorrhiza General |
Subjects |
Biological Interaction |
Sub-subjects |
Plant growth promoting rhizo bacteria |
Host |
Hordeum vulgare (Barley) |
Organism |
Rhizobacteria, Piriformospora indica, Pseudomonas fluorescens and Burkholderia cepacia |
Country |
India, South Asia |
Abstracts |
Interactions between plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPRs) and the symbiotic plant growth-promoting fungus Piriformospora indica were demonstrated by adopting several working models. Different rhizobacteria either inhibit, promote, or have no influence on stimulatory effect of P. indica in gnotobiotic barley plants. In particular, it was demonstrated that, e.g., Pseudomonas fluorescens WS5 and Burkholderia cepacia LA3 inhibited the growth and development of P. indica including complete blockage of sporulation (chlamydospores). The interaction with Ps. fluorescens turned out to be “fungistatic” as well as “fungicidal” in nature. TEM study showed the degradation of cell walls. Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry ion fragmentation pattern suggests that one of the interactive compounds is pyoverdine—a potent siderophore. On the other hand, the severe inhibition of the P. indica by the excreted metabolites of B. cepacia was described at the metabolome level applying high accurate mass spectrometer measurements. It was observed that several pathways were deactivated in the fungus, but a few of them, like ubiquinone biosynthesis, limonene, and pinene degradation, were activated since increased number of metabolites was annotated. Saponin, a biosurfactant, also inhibited the fungus but did not affect the ubiquinone biosynthesis and the limonene–pinene degradation. The study clearly demonstrated that there is intense interaction at metabolome level between rhizobacteria, P. indica, and plant components. A balance maintained due to stimulation and inhibition of the fungus by different rhizobacteria appears to be one of the major factors responsible for fungal diversity, abundance, and function in the rhizosphere. The study opens new vistas to understand delicate balance among mycorrhizospheric organisms that largely allow diverse microbes to coexist and share common resources. |