Abstracts |
The study was done in order to understand the effects of bio-organic (FYM, AM and RZ) and chemical fertilizers in single, dual, triple and quadruple combinations on dry bean under field conditions in 2003 and 2004. The treatments included: 1. Control, 2. Mycorrhiza (AM), 3. Rhizobium (RZ), 4. Farm Yard Manure (FYM), 5. Ammonium Sulphate (AS), 6. AM+RZ, 7. AM+FYM, 8. AM+AS, 9. RZ+FYM, 10. RZ+AS, 11. FY+AS, 12. AM+RZ+FYM, 13. AM+RZ+AS, 14. AM+FYM+AS, 15. RZ+FYM+AS, 16. AM+RZ+FYM+AS. The experiments were conducted in randomize blocks design with three replicates. Yield component, micro and macro elements content were significantly increased with all inoculations and fertilizer applications. Single and dual applications were more effectively found than mixed applications on yield and yield component. On the other hand, mixed treatments weren't more effective on micro and macro nutrients accumulations than single and dual applications on both leaf and seed of dry bean. The highest number of pods per plant was obtained from AM+FYM treatments (39.7 pods/plant) and AM+RZ application in both years (39.00 pods/plant). However, the highest plant yield among treatments was derived from AM+FY+AS yield applications during the years 2003 and 2004. The highest average number of seeds per plant was recorded from AM+FYM treatments as 160 and recorded from Ammonium Sulphate 156 in both years with significant variations (p<0.05) between the years. The highest biological yield per unit area was obtained from AM+RZ application with 11821 kg ha-1. While the highest average thousand seed weight was obtained from FYM application (412 g), grain yield per area was similar to the biological yield per area. Treatments increased grain yield per area in both years. The average of both years, application with bio-organic fertilizer increased N, P and K concentrations of dry bean leaf control. The effect of the bio-organic fertilizers on protein, P, K amounts in the grain was significant (p<0.05). Also the effect of the applications on Fe, Zn, Cu and Mn amounts in the dry bean grain were significant (p<0.05). The beneficial effects of the bio-organic fertilizer on plant growth varied significantly depending on environmental conditions, bacterial strain and plant and soil conditions.. |